Biosafety from the Maqasid Shariah Views
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55265/almaqasid.v4i2.36Keywords:
Biosafety law, bioethics, ethics, socio-economic issues, Maqāṣid Sharī’ahAbstract
Most Maqāṣid Sharī’ah discussions on biosafety focus on the bioethical issues also on the usage and consumption of genetically modified organisms (GMO), this paper analyses the key biosafety issues namely the scientific and socio-economic issues in regulating biosafety with Maqāṣid Sharī’ah as a background. Recent studies in the field of Maqāṣid Sharī’ah added another higher intention of Sharī’ah which is the preservation of the environment. The discussion of the scientific aspect of biosafety examines the benefits and side effects of modern biotechnology, assessed by risk assessment and management. The socio-economic issues analyse the issues of socio-economic, religious, cultural, moral, and ethical issues. This study aims to examine the issues in biosafety and align them with the six Maqāṣid Sharī’ah aims namely the protection of property, life, religion, intellect, lineage, and environment. As this is purely doctrinal research based on the primary and secondary sources of laws and regulations, this discussed the basic understanding of the legal regulation of biosafety for better biosafety governance. This study further elaborates on the Islamic Maqāṣid Sharī’ah’s view in which the discussion contributes to the body of knowledge in biosafety. The finding concludes that there is an interlinking between biosafety and Maqāṣid Sharī’ah if it does not extend beyond the allowed Islamic principles. This study suggests Maqāṣid Sharī’ah guidelines be included as part of socioeconomic considerations in regulating biosafety.
Downloads
References
Ahmad, M. (2008). Maqhasid Syaria as Basic Reasoning on Implementing Syaria in Bioethics. Proceeding of the Ninth Asian Bioethics Conference Bioethics in Asia: Healthy and Productive Life in Harmony with Nature, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Amin, L., Sujak, S. F., Ramlee, S. N. S., Samian, A. L., Haron, M. S., & Mohamad, M. N. (2011). Educating the Ummah by introducing Islamic bioethics in genetics and modern biotechnology. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 3399-3403.
Ansari, A. H., & Jamal, P. (2017). Ethical and Islamic perspectives of biotechnology research and human consumption of genetically modified organisms. Hamdard Islamicus, 40(2), 61-80.
Bakar, O. (2008). Tawhid and Science : Islamic perspectives on religion and science (2 ed.). Shah Alam: Arah Publications.
Bawa, A. S., & Anilakumar, K. R. (2013). Genetically modified foods: Safety, risks and public concerns- A review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 50(6), 1035–1046. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-012-0899-1
Beauchamp, T. L., & Walters, L. (2003). Contemporary issues in bioethic (Sixth edition ed.). South Melbourne, London: Thomson/Wadsworth.
Bouis HE, Chassy BM., & Ochanda JO. (2003). Genetically modified food crops and their contribution to human nutrition and food quality. Trends Food Science & Technology, 14(5), 191-209.
Conway, G., & Toenniessen, G. (1999). Feeding the world in the twenty-first century. Nature, 402, 55-58. https://doi.org/10.1038/35011545
Dhan Prakash, Sonika Verma, Ranjana Bhatia, B. N. Tiwary. (2011). Risks and precautions of genetically modified organisms. International Scholarly Research Notices, 13, 369573. https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/369573
Dobinson, I., & Johns, F. (2017). Legal research as qualitative research. Research methods for law, 18-47.
Eliot, M. Herman. (2003). Genetically modified soybeans and food allergies. Journal of Experimental Botany, 54(386), 1317–1319.
Evans, N. G., Lipsitch, M., & Levinson, M. (2015). The ethics of biosafety considerations in gain-of-function research resulting in the creation of potential pandemic pathogens. US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, 41, 901-908. https://doi.org//10.1136/medethics-2014-102619
Gupta, V., Sengupta, M., Prakash, J., & Tripathy, B. C. (2016). Biosafety and bioethics. Nature Public Health Emergency Collection, 503-520. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0875-7_24
Idris, S. H., Majeed, A. B. A., & Chang, L. W. (2020). Beyond halal: Maqāṣid al-shari’ah to assess bioethical issues arising from genetically modified crops. Springer Link Science and Engineering Ethics, 26, 1463-1476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-020-00177-6
Kashim, M. I. A. I. M., Jamsari, E. A., Safiai, M. H., Adnan, N. I. M., & Suryani, L. s. (2018). Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) from the perspective of science and maqāṣid shari'ah. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9, 1381-1393.
M.K. Sateesh. (2008). Bioethics, and biosafety. New Delhi: International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
Macer D. (1989). Uncertainties concerning the 'painless' animals. Bioethics, 3, 226-235
Macer. (1995). Biotechnology and bioethics: What is ethical biotechnology?. Modern Biotechnology: Legal, Economic and Social Dimensions, Biotechnology.
McGinn, R. E. (1991). Science, technology, and society. Prentice Hall, New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs.
Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. (2003). http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Toxins accessed 4 April 2016.
Council, N. (1999). Genetically modified crops: the ethical and social issues. London: Nuffield Council on Bioethics.
Rafikov, Ildus, Elmira Akhmetova, & Osman Erdem Yapar. (2021). Prospects of morality-based education in the 21st Century. Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 11(1), 1-21.
Saifuddeen, S. M., Rahman, N. N. A., Isa, N. M., & Baharuddin, A. (2014). Maqāṣid al-sharī’ah as a complementary framework to conventional bioethics. Science Engineering Ethics, 20, 317-327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-013-9457-0
Schuler, T. H., Poppy, G. M., Kerry, B. R. and Denholm, I. (1998). Insect-resistant transgenic plants. Trends in Biotechnology, 16(4), 168-175.
Shah, D. M., Horsch, R. B., Klee, H. J., Kishore, G. M., Winter, J. A., Tumer, N. E., Hironaka, C. M., Sanders, P. R., Gasser, C. S., Aykent, S., Siegel, N. R., Rogers, S. G., & Fraley, R. T. (1986). Engineering herbicide tolerance in transgenic plants. Science (New York, N.Y.), 233(4762), 478–481. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.233.4762.478
Silverman E. (2004). The 5 most pressing ethical issues in biotech medicine. Biotechnology healthcare, 1(6), 41–46.
Sujak, S. F., Amin, L., Samian, A. L., Haron, M. S., Mohamad, M. N., & Othman, M. Y. (2011). Kod etika Islam untuk bioteknologi moden. International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation, 29, 167-198.
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (SCBD) (2000). Cartagena protocol on biosafety to the convention on biological diversity: text and annexes. SCBD, Montreal.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Noor Dzuhaidah Othman, Azhin Omer
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
